Interfacing Waveshare 2.8 Inch Capacitive Touch LCD with Arduino

; PlatformIO Project Configuration File
;
;   Build options: build flags, source filter
;   Upload options: custom upload port, speed and extra flags
;   Library options: dependencies, extra library storages
;   Advanced options: extra scripting
;
; Please visit documentation for the other options and examples
; https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

; PlatformIO default environment
[platformio]
default_envs = LCD_Test

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

; Common settings shared between environments

[env]
platform = espressif32
board = dfrobot_firebeetle2_esp32e
framework = arduino

; upload_protocol = esp-prog
debug_tool = esp-prog

lib_deps = bodmer/TFT_eSPI @ ^2.5.30

build_flags =
  -D USER_SETUP_LOADED=1
  -D ST7789_DRIVER=1
  -D TFT_INVERSION_ON=0
  -D TFT_RGB_ORDER=0
  -D TFT_WIDTH=240
  -D TFT_HEIGHT=320
  -D LOAD_GLCD=1
  -D LOAD_FONT2=1
  -D LOAD_FONT4=1
  -D LOAD_FONT6=1
  -D LOAD_FONT7=1
  -D LOAD_GFXFF=1
  -D SMOOTH_FONT=1
  -D SPI_FREQUENCY=80000000
  -D SPI_READ_FREQUENCY=2500000

  ; Pinouts for the FFC
  -D TFT_CS=14
  -D TFT_DC=25
  -D TFT_RST=26
  -D TFT_MOSI=23
  -D TFT_MISO=19
  -D TFT_SCLK=18
  -D TFT_BL=12
  ; -D TFT_TOUCH_SDA=21
  ; -D TFT_TOUCH_SCL=22
  ; -D TFT_TOUCH_INT=16

  ; ; Pinouts for the Molex connector
  ; -D TFT_CS=17
  ; -D TFT_DC=25
  ; -D TFT_RST=26
  ; -D TFT_MOSI=23
  ; -D TFT_MISO=19
  ; -D TFT_SCLK=18
  ; -D TFT_BL=2
  ; ; -D TFT_TOUCH_SDA=21
  ; ; -D TFT_TOUCH_SCL=22
  ; ; -D TFT_TOUCH_INT=25

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

; For testing the LCD

[env:LCD_Test]
build_src_filter = +<LCD_Test/>

lib_deps =
  ${env.lib_deps}  ; Inherit common dependencies
  ; CSE_MillisTimer=symlink://D:\Code\Arduino\libraries\CSE_MillisTimer

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

; For testing the touch panel

[env:Touch_Test]

build_src_filter = +<Touch_Test/>

lib_deps =
  ${env.lib_deps}  ; Inherit common dependencies
  CSE_CST328=symlink://D:/Code/Arduino/libraries/CSE_CST328
  CSE_Touch=symlink://D:/Code/Arduino/libraries/CSE_Touch

build_flags =
  ${env.build_flags}
  -D ENABLE_CST328=1

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

; For testing UI using CSE_UI library

[env:UI_Test]

build_src_filter = +<UI_Test/>

lib_deps =
  ${env.lib_deps}  ; Inherit common dependencies
  CSE_UI=symlink://D:\Code\Arduino\libraries\CSE_UI
  CSE_Touch=symlink://D:/Code/Arduino/libraries/CSE_Touch
  CSE_CST328=symlink://D:/Code/Arduino/libraries/CSE_CST328
  CSE_MillisTimer=symlink://D:\Code\Arduino\libraries\CSE_MillisTimer

build_flags =
  ${env.build_flags}
  -D ENABLE_CST328=1

;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;

//============================================================================================//
/*
  Filename: main.cpp [Waveshare-2.8-Inch-LCD -> LCD_Test]
  Description: Main source file for the LCD_Test example.
  Framework: Arduino, PlatformIO
  Author: Vishnu Mohanan (@vishnumaiea, @vizmohanan)
  Maintainer: CIRCUITSTATE Electronics (@circuitstate)
  Version: 0.1
  License: MIT
  Source: https://github.com/CIRCUITSTATE/CSE_CST328
  Last Modified: +05:30 17:48:12 PM 20-02-2025, Thursday
 */
//============================================================================================//

#include <SPI.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h> // TFT LCD library
#include <Wire.h>

//============================================================================================//
// Globals

TFT_eSPI LCD = TFT_eSPI(); // Create a new TFT driver instance

// The library defines the type "setup_t" as a struct.
// Calling LCD.getSetup(user) populates it with the settings.
setup_t user;

//============================================================================================//
// Forward Declarations

void setup (void);
void loop (void);
void printDriverInfo (void);
void printProcessorName (void);
int8_t getPinName (int8_t pin);
bool initWire (void);
bool initLCD (void);

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Setup runs once.
 * 
 */
void setup() {
  Serial.begin (115200);
  delay (1000);

  Serial.println();
  Serial.println (F("=== Waveshare 2.8 Inch LCD - LCD Test ==="));

  // Initialize everything.
  initWire();
  initLCD();

  Serial.println (F("setup [INFO]: System initialization complete."));
  Serial.println();

  delay (1000);
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Infinite loop.
 * 
 */
void loop() {
  LCD.fillScreen (TFT_BLACK);
  LCD.setTextSize (2);
  LCD.setTextColor (TFT_YELLOW);
  LCD.setCursor (20, 50);
  LCD.print ("Hello World");

  printDriverInfo();

  delay (1000);
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initialize the I2C/Wire interface.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initWire (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initWire [INFO]: Initializing I2C.. "));
  Wire.begin();
  // Wire.setSCL (PIN_I2C_SCL);
  // Wire.setSDA (PIN_I2C_SDA);
  // Wire.setClock (100000); // 100 kHz
  // Wire.begin (I2C_PERIPHERAL_ADDR); // Initialize I2C as peripheral
  
  Serial.println (F("Done."));

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initializes the LCD.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initLCD (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initLCD [INFO]: Initializing LCD.. "));

  pinMode (TFT_BL, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite (TFT_BL, LOW); // Turn off the backlight
  
  LCD.begin();
  LCD.setRotation (3);
  LCD.setFreeFont();
  LCD.fillScreen (TFT_BLACK); // Clear the screen
  delay (50);
  
  Serial.println (F("Done."));
  Serial.println (F("initLCD [INFO]: You should see \"Hello World\" printed in yellow color on the screen."));
  
  digitalWrite (TFT_BL, HIGH); // Turn on the backlight

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Prints the TFT_eSPI driver information.
 * 
 */
void printDriverInfo (void) {
  LCD.getSetup (user); //

  Serial.print ("\n[code]\n");

  Serial.print ("TFT_eSPI ver = "); Serial.println(user.version);
  printProcessorName();
  #if defined (ESP32) || defined (ESP8266)
    if (user.esp < 0x32F000 || user.esp > 0x32FFFF) { Serial.print("Frequency    = "); Serial.print(ESP.getCpuFreqMHz());Serial.println("MHz"); }
  #endif
  #ifdef ESP8266
    Serial.print("Voltage      = "); Serial.print(ESP.getVcc() / 918.0); Serial.println("V"); // 918 empirically determined
  #endif
  Serial.print("Transactions = "); Serial.println((user.trans  ==  1) ? "Yes" : "No");
  Serial.print("Interface    = "); Serial.println((user.serial ==  1) ? "SPI" : "Parallel");
  #ifdef ESP8266
  if (user.serial ==  1){ Serial.print("SPI overlap  = "); Serial.println((user.overlap == 1) ? "Yes\n" : "No\n"); }
  #endif
  if (user.tft_driver != 0xE9D) // For ePaper displays the size is defined in the sketch
  {
    Serial.print("Display driver = "); Serial.println(user.tft_driver, HEX); // Hexadecimal code
    Serial.print("Display width  = "); Serial.println(user.tft_width);  // Rotation 0 width and height
    Serial.print("Display height = "); Serial.println(user.tft_height);
    Serial.println();
  }
  else if (user.tft_driver == 0xE9D) Serial.println("Display driver = ePaper\n");

  if (user.r0_x_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R0 x offset = "); Serial.println(user.r0_x_offset); } // Offsets, not all used yet
  if (user.r0_y_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R0 y offset = "); Serial.println(user.r0_y_offset); }
  if (user.r1_x_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R1 x offset = "); Serial.println(user.r1_x_offset); }
  if (user.r1_y_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R1 y offset = "); Serial.println(user.r1_y_offset); }
  if (user.r2_x_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R2 x offset = "); Serial.println(user.r2_x_offset); }
  if (user.r2_y_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R2 y offset = "); Serial.println(user.r2_y_offset); }
  if (user.r3_x_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R3 x offset = "); Serial.println(user.r3_x_offset); }
  if (user.r3_y_offset  != 0)  { Serial.print("R3 y offset = "); Serial.println(user.r3_y_offset); }

  if (user.pin_tft_mosi != -1) { Serial.print("MOSI    = "); Serial.print("GPIO "); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_mosi)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_miso != -1) { Serial.print("MISO    = "); Serial.print("GPIO "); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_miso)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_clk  != -1) { Serial.print("SCK     = "); Serial.print("GPIO "); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_clk)); }

  #ifdef ESP8266
  if (user.overlap == true)
  {
    Serial.println("Overlap selected, following pins MUST be used:");

                              Serial.println("MOSI     = SD1 (GPIO 8)");
                              Serial.println("MISO     = SD0 (GPIO 7)");
                              Serial.println("SCK      = CLK (GPIO 6)");
                              Serial.println("TFT_CS   = D3  (GPIO 0)\n");

    Serial.println("TFT_DC and TFT_RST pins can be user defined");
  }
  #endif
  String pinNameRef = "GPIO ";
  #ifdef ESP8266
    pinNameRef = "PIN_D";
  #endif

  if (user.esp == 0x32F) {
    Serial.println("\n>>>>> Note: STM32 pin references above D15 may not reflect board markings <<<<<");
    pinNameRef = "D";
  }
  if (user.pin_tft_cs != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_CS   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_cs)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_dc != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_DC   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_dc)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_rst!= -1) { Serial.print("TFT_RST  = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_rst)); }

  if (user.pin_tch_cs != -1) { Serial.print("TOUCH_CS = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tch_cs)); }

  if (user.pin_tft_wr != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_WR   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_wr)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_rd != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_RD   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_rd)); }

  if (user.pin_tft_d0 != -1) { Serial.print("\nTFT_D0   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d0)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d1 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D1   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d1)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d2 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D2   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d2)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d3 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D3   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d3)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d4 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D4   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d4)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d5 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D5   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d5)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d6 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D6   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d6)); }
  if (user.pin_tft_d7 != -1) { Serial.print("TFT_D7   = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_d7)); }

  #if defined (TFT_BL)
    Serial.print("\nTFT_BL           = " + pinNameRef); Serial.println(getPinName(user.pin_tft_led));
    #if defined (TFT_BACKLIGHT_ON)
      Serial.print("TFT_BACKLIGHT_ON = "); Serial.println(user.pin_tft_led_on == HIGH ? "HIGH" : "LOW");
    #endif
  #endif

  Serial.println();

  uint16_t fonts = LCD.fontsLoaded();
  if (fonts & (1 << 1))        Serial.print("Font GLCD   loaded\n");
  if (fonts & (1 << 2))        Serial.print("Font 2      loaded\n");
  if (fonts & (1 << 4))        Serial.print("Font 4      loaded\n");
  if (fonts & (1 << 6))        Serial.print("Font 6      loaded\n");
  if (fonts & (1 << 7))        Serial.print("Font 7      loaded\n");
  if (fonts & (1 << 9))        Serial.print("Font 8N     loaded\n");
  else
  if (fonts & (1 << 8))        Serial.print("Font 8      loaded\n");
  if (fonts & (1 << 15))       Serial.print("Smooth font enabled\n");
  Serial.print("\n");

  if (user.serial==1)        { Serial.print("Display SPI frequency = "); Serial.println(user.tft_spi_freq/10.0); }
  if (user.pin_tch_cs != -1) { Serial.print("Touch SPI frequency   = "); Serial.println(user.tch_spi_freq/10.0); }

  Serial.println("[/code]");

  delay(3000);
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Gets the name of the processor.
 * 
 */
void printProcessorName (void) {
  Serial.print("Processor    = ");
  if ( user.esp == 0x8266) Serial.println("ESP8266");
  if ( user.esp == 0x32)   Serial.println("ESP32");
  if ( user.esp == 0x32F)  Serial.println("STM32");
  if ( user.esp == 0x2040) Serial.println("RP2040");
  if ( user.esp == 0x0000) Serial.println("Generic");
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Gets the names of the pins used by the processor.
 * 
 * @param pin 
 * @return int8_t 
 */
int8_t getPinName (int8_t pin) {
  // For ESP32 and RP2040 pin labels on boards use the GPIO number
  if (user.esp == 0x32 || user.esp == 0x2040) return pin;

  if (user.esp == 0x8266) {
    // For ESP8266 the pin labels are not the same as the GPIO number
    // These are for the NodeMCU pin definitions:
    //        GPIO       Dxx
    if (pin == 16) return 0;
    if (pin ==  5) return 1;
    if (pin ==  4) return 2;
    if (pin ==  0) return 3;
    if (pin ==  2) return 4;
    if (pin == 14) return 5;
    if (pin == 12) return 6;
    if (pin == 13) return 7;
    if (pin == 15) return 8;
    if (pin ==  3) return 9;
    if (pin ==  1) return 10;
    if (pin ==  9) return 11;
    if (pin == 10) return 12;
  }

  if (user.esp == 0x32F) return pin;

  return -1; // Invalid pin
}

//============================================================================================//

 *  Executing task: C:\PIO\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe run --target upload --environment LCD_Test 


Processing LCD_Test (platform: espressif32; board: dfrobot_firebeetle2_esp32e; framework: arduino)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/espressif32/dfrobot_firebeetle2_esp32e.html
PLATFORM: Espressif 32 (6.10.0) > DFRobot Firebeetle 2 ESP32-E
HARDWARE: ESP32 240MHz, 320KB RAM, 4MB Flash
DEBUG: Current (esp-prog) External (cmsis-dap, esp-bridge, esp-prog, iot-bus-jtag, jlink, minimodule, olimex-arm-usb-ocd, olimex-arm-usb-ocd-h, olimex-arm-usb-tiny-h, olimex-jtag-tiny, tumpa)
PACKAGES: 
 - framework-arduinoespressif32 @ 3.20017.241212+sha.dcc1105b 
 - tool-esptoolpy @ 1.40501.0 (4.5.1) 
 - tool-mkfatfs @ 2.0.1 
 - tool-mklittlefs @ 1.203.210628 (2.3) 
 - tool-mkspiffs @ 2.230.0 (2.30) 
 - toolchain-xtensa-esp32 @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5
LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> https://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
Found 34 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies...
Dependency Graph
|-- TFT_eSPI @ 2.5.43
|-- SPI @ 2.0.0
|-- Wire @ 2.0.0
Building in release mode
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\src\LCD_Test\main.cpp.o
Building .pio\build\LCD_Test\bootloader.bin
Generating partitions .pio\build\LCD_Test\partitions.bin
esptool.py v4.5.1
Creating esp32 image...
Merged 1 ELF section
Successfully created esp32 image.
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib2bb\SPI\SPI.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\liba1d\FS\FS.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\liba1d\FS\vfs_api.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\libb83\SPIFFS\SPIFFS.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib194\LittleFS\LittleFS.cpp.o
In file included from src/LCD_Test/main.cpp:17:
.pio/libdeps/LCD_Test/TFT_eSPI/TFT_eSPI.h:973:8: warning: #warning >>>>------>> TOUCH_CS pin not defined, TFT_eSPI touch functions will not be available! [-Wcpp]
       #warning >>>>------>> TOUCH_CS pin not defined, TFT_eSPI touch functions will not be available!
        ^~~~~~~
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib94e\TFT_eSPI\TFT_eSPI.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib265\Wire\Wire.cpp.o
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib2bb\libSPI.a
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib2bb\libSPI.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\Esp.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\FirmwareMSC.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\FunctionalInterrupt.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\HWCDC.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\IPAddress.cpp.o
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\liba1d\libFS.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\IPv6Address.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\MD5Builder.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\Print.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\Stream.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\StreamString.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\Tone.cpp.o
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\liba1d\libFS.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\USB.cpp.o
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\libb83\libSPIFFS.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\USBCDC.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\USBMSC.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\WMath.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\WString.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\base64.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\cbuf.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-adc.c.o
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\libb83\libSPIFFS.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-bt.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-cpu.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-dac.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-gpio.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-i2c-slave.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-i2c.c.o
In file included from .pio/libdeps/LCD_Test/TFT_eSPI/TFT_eSPI.cpp:16:
.pio/libdeps/LCD_Test/TFT_eSPI/TFT_eSPI.h:973:8: warning: #warning >>>>------>> TOUCH_CS pin not defined, TFT_eSPI touch functions will not be available! [-Wcpp]
       #warning >>>>------>> TOUCH_CS pin not defined, TFT_eSPI touch functions will not be available!
        ^~~~~~~
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-ledc.c.o
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib194\libLittleFS.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-matrix.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-misc.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-psram.c.o
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib194\libLittleFS.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-rgb-led.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-rmt.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-sigmadelta.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-spi.c.o
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib265\libWire.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-time.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-timer.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-tinyusb.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-touch.c.o
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib265\libWire.a
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\esp32-hal-uart.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\firmware_msc_fat.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\libb64\cdecode.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\libb64\cencode.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\main.cpp.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\stdlib_noniso.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\wiring_pulse.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\LCD_Test\FrameworkArduino\wiring_shift.c.o
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\libFrameworkArduino.a
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\libFrameworkArduino.a
Archiving .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib94e\libTFT_eSPI.a
Indexing .pio\build\LCD_Test\lib94e\libTFT_eSPI.a
Linking .pio\build\LCD_Test\firmware.elf
Retrieving maximum program size .pio\build\LCD_Test\firmware.elf
Checking size .pio\build\LCD_Test\firmware.elf
Advanced Memory Usage is available via "PlatformIO Home > Project Inspect"
RAM:   [=         ]   6.8% (used 22284 bytes from 327680 bytes)
Flash: [===       ]  25.3% (used 332197 bytes from 1310720 bytes)
Building .pio\build\LCD_Test\firmware.bin
esptool.py v4.5.1
Creating esp32 image...
Merged 2 ELF sections
Successfully created esp32 image.
Configuring upload protocol...
AVAILABLE: cmsis-dap, esp-bridge, esp-prog, espota, esptool, iot-bus-jtag, jlink, minimodule, olimex-arm-usb-ocd, olimex-arm-usb-ocd-h, olimex-arm-usb-tiny-h, olimex-jtag-tiny, tumpa
CURRENT: upload_protocol = esptool
Looking for upload port...
Auto-detected: COM8
Uploading .pio\build\LCD_Test\firmware.bin
esptool.py v4.5.1
Serial port COM8
Connecting.....
Chip is ESP32-D0WD-V3 (revision v3.0)
Features: WiFi, BT, Dual Core, 240MHz, VRef calibration in efuse, Coding Scheme None
Crystal is 40MHz
MAC: e0:5a:1b:55:d1:bc
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Changing baud rate to 460800
Changed.
Configuring flash size...
Flash will be erased from 0x00001000 to 0x00005fff...
Flash will be erased from 0x00008000 to 0x00008fff...
Flash will be erased from 0x0000e000 to 0x0000ffff...
Flash will be erased from 0x00010000 to 0x00061fff...
Compressed 17536 bytes to 12202...
Writing at 0x00001000... (100 %)
Wrote 17536 bytes (12202 compressed) at 0x00001000 in 0.6 seconds (effective 228.3 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.
Compressed 3072 bytes to 146...
Writing at 0x00008000... (100 %)
Wrote 3072 bytes (146 compressed) at 0x00008000 in 0.1 seconds (effective 355.0 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.
Compressed 8192 bytes to 47...
Writing at 0x0000e000... (100 %)
Wrote 8192 bytes (47 compressed) at 0x0000e000 in 0.1 seconds (effective 452.7 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.
Compressed 332560 bytes to 184137...
Writing at 0x00010000... (8 %)
Writing at 0x0001b092... (16 %)
Writing at 0x000294d1... (25 %)
Writing at 0x0002e83b... (33 %)
Writing at 0x000343b6... (41 %)
Writing at 0x00039930... (50 %)
Writing at 0x0003eddd... (58 %)
Writing at 0x000444da... (66 %)
Writing at 0x000499de... (75 %)
Writing at 0x00051bff... (83 %)
Writing at 0x0005a4d2... (91 %)
Writing at 0x0005fd46... (100 %)
Wrote 332560 bytes (184137 compressed) at 0x00010000 in 4.6 seconds (effective 572.8 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.

Leaving...
Hard resetting via RTS pin...
======================================================================================== [SUCCESS] Took 14.30 seconds ========================================================================================

Environment    Status    Duration
-------------  --------  ------------
LCD_Test       SUCCESS   00:00:14.297
========================================================================================= 1 succeeded in 00:00:14.297 =========================================================================================
 *  Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it.

ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46

rst:0x1 (POWERON_RESET),boot:0x17 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
configsip: 0, SPIWP:0xee
clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00
mode:DIO, clock div:2
load:0x3fff0030,len:1184
load:0x40078000,len:13232
load:0x40080400,len:3028
entry 0x400805e4

=== Waveshare 2.8 Inch LCD - LCD Test ===
initWire [INFO]: Initializing I2C.. Done.
initLCD [INFO]: Initializing LCD.. Done.
initLCD [INFO]: You should see "Hello World" printed in yellow color on the screen.
setup [INFO]: System initialization complete.


[code]
TFT_eSPI ver = 2.5.43
Processor    = ESP32
Frequency    = 240MHz
Transactions = Yes
Interface    = SPI
Display driver = 7789
Display width  = 240
Display height = 320

MOSI    = GPIO 23
MISO    = GPIO 19
SCK     = GPIO 18
TFT_CS   = GPIO 14
TFT_DC   = GPIO 25
TFT_RST  = GPIO 26

TFT_BL           = GPIO 12

Font GLCD   loaded
Font 2      loaded
Font 4      loaded
Font 6      loaded
Font 7      loaded
Smooth font enabled

Display SPI frequency = 80.00
[/code]

//============================================================================================//
/*
  Filename: main.cpp [Waveshare-2.8-Inch-LCD -> Touch_Test]
  Description: Main source file for the Touch_Test example.
  Framework: Arduino, PlatformIO
  Author: Vishnu Mohanan (@vishnumaiea, @vizmohanan)
  Maintainer: CIRCUITSTATE Electronics (@circuitstate)
  Version: 0.1
  License: MIT
  Source: https://github.com/CIRCUITSTATE/CSE_CST328
  Last Modified: +05:30 22:15:35 PM 10-03-2025, Monday
 */
//============================================================================================//

#include <SPI.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h> // TFT LCD library
#include <Wire.h>
#include <CSE_CST328.h>

//============================================================================================//
// Macros and constants.

#define  CST328_PIN_RST     4
#define  CST328_PIN_INT     16

#define  LCD_ROTATION       0   // The LCD panel rotation
#define  TS_ROTATION        0   // The touch panel rotation

//============================================================================================//
// Globals

TFT_eSPI LCD = TFT_eSPI(); // Create a new TFT driver instance

// Create a new instance of the CST328 class.
// Parameters: Width, Height, &Wire, Reset pin, Interrupt pin
CSE_CST328 tsPanel = CSE_CST328 (240, 320, &Wire, CST328_PIN_RST, CST328_PIN_INT);

bool intReceived = false; // Flag to indicate that an interrupt has been received
CSE_TouchPoint point;

//============================================================================================//
// Forward Declarations

void setup (void);
void loop (void);
void readTouch (void);
bool initWire (void);
bool initLCD (void);
bool initTouch (void);
void touchISR (void);
void drawCrosshair (void);

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Setup runs once.
 * 
 */
void setup() {
  Serial.begin (115200);
  delay (2000);

  Serial.println();
  Serial.println (F("=== Waveshare 2.8 Inch LCD - Touch Test ==="));

  // Initialize everything.
  initWire();
  initTouch();
  initLCD();

  Serial.println (F("setup [INFO]: System initialization complete."));
  Serial.println();

  delay (1000);
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Infinite loop.
 * 
 */
void loop() {
  if (intReceived) {
    tsPanel.fastReadData (0); // Read the touch point once.
    LCD.drawRect (0, 0, 10, 10, TFT_RED); // Draw a small rectangle to indicate the origin of the display and the touch panel.
    readTouch();  // Print touch point info.
    drawCrosshair();  // Draw a cross hair.
    intReceived = false;
    attachInterrupt (digitalPinToInterrupt (CST328_PIN_INT), touchISR, FALLING);
  }
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initializes the touch panel.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initTouch (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initTouch [INFO]: Initializing touch panel.."));
  tsPanel.begin();
  tsPanel.setRotation (TS_ROTATION);

  // Attach the interrupt function.
  attachInterrupt (digitalPinToInterrupt (CST328_PIN_INT), touchISR, FALLING);
  
  Serial.println (F("Done."));

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initialize the I2C/Wire interface.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initWire (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initWire [INFO]: Initializing I2C.. "));
  Wire.begin();
  Serial.println (F("Done."));

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initializes the LCD.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initLCD (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initLCD [INFO]: Initializing LCD.. "));

  pinMode (TFT_BL, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite (TFT_BL, LOW); // Turn off the backlight
  
  LCD.begin();
  LCD.setRotation (LCD_ROTATION);
  LCD.setFreeFont();
  LCD.fillScreen (TFT_BLACK); // Clear the screen
  delay (50);
  
  Serial.println (F("Done."));
  digitalWrite (TFT_BL, HIGH); // Turn on the backlight

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Reads a single touch point from the panel and print their info to the serial monitor.
 * 
 */
void readTouch() {
  if (1) {
    uint8_t i = 0;
    Serial.print ("Touch ID: ");
    Serial.print (i);
    Serial.print (", X: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel.getPoint (i).x);
    Serial.print (", Y: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel.getPoint (i).y);
    Serial.print (", Z: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel.getPoint (i).z);
    Serial.print (", State: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel.getPoint (i).state);
    Serial.print (", W: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel.getWidth());
    Serial.print (", H: ");
    Serial.println (tsPanel.getHeight());
  }
  else {
    Serial.println ("No touches detected");
  }
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief The touch interrupt service routine.
 * 
 */
void touchISR() {
  // Detach the interrupt to prevent multiple interrupts
  detachInterrupt (digitalPinToInterrupt (CST328_PIN_INT));
  intReceived = true;
}

//============================================================================================//

void drawCrosshair() {
  static CSE_TouchPoint prevPoint; // Previous touch point (non-calibrated)

  // tsPanel.fastReadData (0);
  point = tsPanel.getPoint();

  // Return if the point is the same as the previous point, or invalid.
  if ((point.x == prevPoint.x) || (point.y == prevPoint.y) || (point.x == -1) || (point.y == -1)) {
    return;
  }

  // LCD.drawRect (prevPoint.x, prevPoint.y, 10, 10, TFT_BLACK);
  // LCD.drawRect (point.x, point.y, 10, 10, TFT_YELLOW);

  // Clear the previous cursor with background color
  LCD.drawLine (prevPoint.x, 0, prevPoint.x, tsPanel.height, TFT_BLACK);
  LCD.drawLine (0, prevPoint.y, tsPanel.width, prevPoint.y, TFT_BLACK);

  // Draw the new cursor with foreground color
  LCD.drawLine (point.x, 0, point.x, tsPanel.height, TFT_YELLOW);
  LCD.drawLine (0, point.y, tsPanel.width, point.y, TFT_YELLOW);

  // Save the points
  prevPoint = point;
}

//============================================================================================//

ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46

rst:0x1 (POWERON_RESET),boot:0x17 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
configsip: 0, SPIWP:0xee
clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00
mode:DIO, clock div:2
load:0x3fff0030,len:1184
load:0x40078000,len:13232
load:0x40080400,len:3028
entry 0x400805e4

=== Waveshare 2.8 Inch LCD - Touch Test ===
initWire [INFO]: Initializing I2C.. Done.
initTouch [INFO]: Initializing touch panel..Done.
initLCD [INFO]: Initializing LCD.. Done.
setup [INFO]: System initialization complete.

Touch ID: 0, X: 115, Y: 151, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 115, Y: 151, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 115, Y: 151, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 115, Y: 151, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 115, Y: 151, Z: 0, State: 0, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 154, Y: 142, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 154, Y: 142, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 154, Y: 142, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 154, Y: 142, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 154, Y: 142, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 154, Y: 142, Z: 0, State: 0, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 97, Y: 216, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 97, Y: 216, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 97, Y: 216, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 97, Y: 216, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 97, Y: 216, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 97, Y: 216, Z: 0, State: 0, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 124, Y: 66, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 124, Y: 66, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 124, Y: 66, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 124, Y: 66, Z: 0, State: 1, W: 240, H: 320
Touch ID: 0, X: 124, Y: 66, Z: 0, State: 0, W: 240, H: 320

//============================================================================================//
/*
  Filename: main.cpp [Waveshare-2.8-Inch-LCD -> UI_Test]
  Description: Main source file for the UI_Test example.
  Framework: Arduino, PlatformIO
  Author: Vishnu Mohanan (@vishnumaiea, @vizmohanan)
  Maintainer: CIRCUITSTATE Electronics (@circuitstate)
  Version: 0.1
  License: MIT
  Source: https://github.com/CIRCUITSTATE/CSE_CST328
  Last Modified: +05:30 15:50:11 PM 01-03-2025, Saturday
 */
//============================================================================================//

#include <SPI.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h> // TFT LCD library
#include <Wire.h>
#include <CSE_CST328.h>
#include <CSE_UI.h>

// #include "NotoSans-Bold-15.h"
// #include "FiraSans-Regular-15.h"
#include "FiraSans-Medium-15.h"
// #include "Roboto-Regular-15.h"
#include "NotoSans-Bold-28.h"
#include "NotoSans-Bold-36.h"
// #include "forkawesome-36.h"
// #include "forkawesome-32.h"
#include "forkawesome-30.h"

// Include the header files that contain the icons
#include "Alert.h"
#include "Close.h"
#include "Info.h"

//============================================================================================//
// Macros and constants.

#define  CST328_PIN_RST     4
#define  CST328_PIN_INT     16

#define  LCD_ROTATION       3   // The LCD panel rotation
#define  TS_ROTATION        3   // The touch panel rotation

// Fonts
// #define   AA_FONT_SMALL               NotoSansBold15
// #define   AA_FONT_SMALL               FiraSansRegular15
#define   AA_FONT_SMALL               FiraSansMedium15
// #define   AA_FONT_SMALL               RobotoRegular15
#define   AA_FONT_LARGE               NotoSansBold36

//============================================================================================//
// Globals

TFT_eSPI LCD = TFT_eSPI(); // Create a new TFT driver instance

// Create a new instance of the CST328 class.
// Parameters: Width, Height, &Wire, Reset pin, Interrupt pin
CSE_Touch* tsPanel = CSE_Touch_Driver:: createDriver (CSE_TOUCH_CST328, 240, 320, &Wire, TFT_RST);

// UI objects.
CSE_UI myui (&LCD, tsPanel);

// Pages
pageClass home_Page (&myui, 0);

// Buttons
buttonClass home_mainTitle (&myui);
buttonClass home_timeDateString (&myui);
buttonClass home_Button_A (&myui);
buttonClass home_Button_B (&myui);
buttonClass home_Button_C (&myui);
buttonClass home_Button_D (&myui);
buttonClass home_oxygenLabel (&myui);
buttonClass home_oxygenValue (&myui);
buttonClass home_feLabel (&myui);
buttonClass home_feValue (&myui);
buttonClass home_fgtLabel (&myui);
buttonClass home_fgtValue (&myui);
buttonClass home_atLabel (&myui);
buttonClass home_atValue (&myui);

bool intReceived = false; // Flag to indicate that an interrupt has been received

//============================================================================================//
// Forward Declarations

void setup (void);
void loop (void);
void readTouch (void);
bool initWire (void);
bool initLCD (void);
bool initTouch (void);

void home_Page_Init (void);
void home_Page_Draw (void);

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Setup runs once.
 * 
 */
void setup() {
  Serial.begin (115200);
  delay (2000);

  Serial.println();
  Serial.println (F("=== Waveshare 2.8 Inch LCD - Touch Test ==="));

  // Initialize everything.
  initWire();
  initTouch();
  initLCD();

  Serial.println (F("setup [INFO]: System initialization complete."));
  Serial.println();

  delay (1000);
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Infinite loop.
 * 
 */
void loop() {
  // readTouch();
  home_Page.draw();

  delay (50);
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initializes the touch panel.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initTouch (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initTouch [INFO]: Initializing touch panel.."));
  tsPanel->begin();
  tsPanel->setRotation (TS_ROTATION);

  // Attach the interrupt function.
  // attachInterrupt (digitalPinToInterrupt (CST328_PIN_INT), touchISR, FALLING);
  
  Serial.println (F("Done."));

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initialize the I2C/Wire interface.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initWire (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initWire [INFO]: Initializing I2C.. "));
  Wire.begin();
  Serial.println (F("Done."));

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Initializes the LCD.
 * 
 * @return true Initialization successful.
 * @return false Initialization failed.
 */
bool initLCD (void) {
  Serial.print (F("initLCD [INFO]: Initializing LCD.. "));

  pinMode (TFT_BL, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite (TFT_BL, LOW); // Turn off the backlight
  
  LCD.begin();
  LCD.setRotation (LCD_ROTATION);
  LCD.setFreeFont();
  LCD.fillScreen (TFT_BLACK); // Clear the screen
  delay (50);

  home_Page.setInitFunction (home_Page_Init);
  home_Page.setDrawFunction (home_Page_Draw);
  home_Page.init();
  home_Page.setActive();
  
  Serial.println (F("Done."));
  digitalWrite (TFT_BL, HIGH); // Turn on the backlight

  return true;
}

//============================================================================================//

void home_Page_Init() {
  home_mainTitle.initialize (10, 10, 235, 25, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "AIR QUALITY MONITORING");
  home_mainTitle.radius = 0;
  home_mainTitle.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_timeDateString.initialize (10, 205, 235, 25, TFT_DARKCYAN, TFT_WHITE, "08:24 PM, Wed, 24-06-2023");
  home_timeDateString.radius = 0;
  home_timeDateString.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_oxygenLabel.initialize (10, 95, 110, 20, 0x9edf, TFT_BLACK, "PM 1.0 ug/m3");
  home_oxygenLabel.radius = 0;
  home_oxygenLabel.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_oxygenValue.initialize (10, 45, 110, 50, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "110");
  home_oxygenValue.radius = 0;
  home_oxygenValue.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_feLabel.initialize (135, 95, 110, 20, 0xfea8, TFT_BLACK, "PM 2.5 ug/m3");
  home_feLabel.radius = 0;
  home_feLabel.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_feValue.initialize (135, 45, 110, 50, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "230");
  home_feValue.radius = 0;
  home_feValue.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_fgtLabel.initialize (10, 175, 110, 20, 0xe61e, TFT_BLACK, "PM 10 ug/m3");
  home_fgtLabel.radius = 0;
  home_fgtLabel.labelOffsetY = 2;
  
  home_fgtValue.initialize (10, 125, 110, 50, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "190");
  home_fgtValue.radius = 0;
  home_fgtValue.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_atLabel.initialize (135, 175, 110, 20, TFT_GREEN, TFT_BLACK, "TEMP °C");
  home_atLabel.radius = 0;
  home_atLabel.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_atValue.initialize (135, 125, 110, 50, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "32.68");
  home_atValue.radius = 0;
  home_atValue.labelOffsetY = 2;

  home_Button_A.initialize (267, 10, 44, 40, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "\uF05A");
  home_Button_B.initialize (267, 70, 44, 40, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "\uF046");
  home_Button_C.initialize (267, 130, 44, 40, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "\uF071");
  home_Button_D.initialize (267, 190, 44, 40, TFT_BLUE, TFT_WHITE, "\uF013");
}

//============================================================================================//

void home_Page_Draw() { 
  if (home_Page.isActive()) {
    if (myui.prevPage != home_Page.pageNum) {
      home_Page.uiParent->lcdParent->fillScreen (TFT_WHITE);
      myui.currentPage = home_Page.pageNum;
      myui.prevPage = home_Page.pageNum;
    }

    LCD.loadFont (AA_FONT_SMALL);
    home_timeDateString.draw();
    home_mainTitle.draw();
    home_oxygenLabel.draw();
    home_feLabel.draw();
    home_atLabel.draw();
    home_fgtLabel.draw();

    LCD.loadFont (NotoSansBold28);
    home_fgtValue.draw();

    LCD.loadFont (AA_FONT_LARGE);
    home_oxygenValue.draw();
    home_feValue.draw();
    home_atValue.draw();

    LCD.loadFont (forkawesome30);
    home_Button_A.draw();
    home_Button_B.draw();
    home_Button_C.draw();
    home_Button_D.draw();

    // bool buttonA = home_Button_A.isPressed();
    // bool buttonB = home_Button_B.isPressed();
    // bool buttonC = home_Button_C.isPressed();
    // bool buttonD = home_Button_D.isPressed();

    // if (buttonA || buttonB || buttonC || buttonD) {
    //   home_Page.setInactive();

    //   home_timeDateString.reset();

    //   home_mainTitle.reset();

    //   home_oxygenLabel.reset();
    //   home_feLabel.reset();
    //   home_atLabel.reset();
    //   home_fgtLabel.reset();
    //   home_fgtValue.reset();
    //   home_oxygenValue.reset();
    //   home_feValue.reset();
    //   home_atValue.reset();
      
    //   home_Button_A.reset();
    //   home_Button_B.reset();
    //   home_Button_C.reset();
    //   home_Button_D.reset();

    //   if (buttonA) {
    //     // dataAndInfo_Page.setActive();
    //   }

    //   else if (buttonB) {
    //     // tasks_Page.setActive();
    //   }

    //   else if (buttonC) {
    //     // errorsAndAlarms_Page.setActive();
    //   }

    //   else if (buttonD) {
    //     // settings_Page.setActive();
    //   }
    // }
  }
}

//============================================================================================//
/**
 * @brief Reads a single touch point from the panel and print their info to the serial monitor.
 * 
 */
void readTouch() {
  if (tsPanel->isTouched (0)) {
    uint8_t i = 0;
    Serial.print ("Touch ID: ");
    Serial.print (i);
    Serial.print (", X: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel->getPoint (i).x);
    Serial.print (", Y: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel->getPoint (i).y);
    Serial.print (", Z: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel->getPoint (i).z);
    Serial.print (", State: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel->getPoint (i).state);
    Serial.print (", W: ");
    Serial.print (tsPanel->getWidth());
    Serial.print (", H: ");
    Serial.println (tsPanel->getHeight());
  }
  // else {
  //   Serial.println ("No touches detected");
  // }
}

//============================================================================================//